Cancer risk from heavy metal contamination in fish and implications for public health

Richard Tsiwah Cobbinah, N. Boadi, S. A. Saah, E. S. Agorku, Mercy Badu, N. K. Kortei

2025 Scientific Reports Cited 12 times

Abstract

This study evaluates heavy metal contamination in fish and its associated health risks, focusing on the implications for global public health. Fish samples were analyzed using advanced techniques, including Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) with a hydride generator for arsenic, and a mercury analyzer. Results revealed significant contamination levels, with arsenic concentrations ranging from 0.9 ± 0.1 to 3.2 ± 0.2 mg/kg (mean: 2.24 ± 0.76 mg/kg), exceeding the WHO limit of 2 mg/kg in 75% of samples. Mercury concentrations (mean: 1.4917 mg/kg) surpassed the WHO limit of 0.5 mg/kg in all samples, while cadmium levels sometimes exceeded permissible limits. Statistical analysis indicated substantial variability in metal concentrations among samples, supported by Principal Component Analysis and Pearson’s correlation, identifying distinct pollution patterns and sources. Health risk assessments showed significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, particularly for children. Arsenic, chromium, and mercury presented hazard quotients exceeding safe thresholds, with cumulative hazard indices confirming elevated risks (HI = 14.5 for adults, 44.1 for children). The findings suggest the pressing need for global strategies to monitor and manage heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems.

Cited in this thesis

BibTeX
@article{Cobbinah2025,
  title = {Cancer risk from heavy metal contamination in fish and implications for public health},
  author = {Cobbinah, Richard Tsiwah and Boadi, Nathaniel Owusu and Saah, Selina Ama and Agorku, Eric Selorm and Badu, Mercy and Kortei, Nii Korley},
  journal = {Scientific Reports},
  volume = {15},
  number = {1},
  pages = {24162},
  year = {2025},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group UK London},
  abstract = {This study evaluates heavy metal contamination in fish and its associated health risks, focusing on the implications for global public health. Fish samples were analyzed using advanced techniques, including Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) with a hydride generator for arsenic, and a mercury analyzer. Results revealed significant contamination levels, with arsenic concentrations ranging from 0.9 ± 0.1 to 3.2 ± 0.2 mg/kg (mean: 2.24 ± 0.76 mg/kg), exceeding the WHO limit of 2 mg/kg in 75% of samples. Mercury concentrations (mean: 1.4917 mg/kg) surpassed the WHO limit of 0.5 mg/kg in all samples, while cadmium levels sometimes exceeded permissible limits. Statistical analysis indicated substantial variability in metal concentrations among samples, supported by Principal Component Analysis and Pearson’s correlation, identifying distinct pollution patterns and sources. Health risk assessments showed significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, particularly for children. Arsenic, chromium, and mercury presented hazard quotients exceeding safe thresholds, with cumulative hazard indices confirming elevated risks (HI = 14.5 for adults, 44.1 for children). The findings suggest the pressing need for global strategies to monitor and manage heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems.},
}